It was interesting to figure out how the sense of smell works, especially for someone like me with a rather weak nose in that regard.
I used to think that dogs “see” smells as another colorful layer above the gray world perceived through their eyes. Now, after thinking about how it works and reading https://www.nkj.ru/archive/articles/9034/ and watching some videos from the link, I have come to a different understanding.
The main misconception is that smell can be sensed at a distance. It’s impossible. The molecule has to physically fly to you and enter your nose. This seems obvious, but the molecule might not make it. It could be too diluted in the air, or blown away by the wind. Plus, with so many different ones flying around, it’s also necessary to discern why this particular smell is interesting. If it’s associated with something beloved, the brain instructs to move towards a higher density of that smell (or at least not to move towards a lesser density). It seems to me that many animals, and humans too, in addition to using their eyes, perceive the world somewhat like a blind person feels the temperature of the air. In this analogy, the blind person would understand how to stay in the shade and not go out into the sun. And similarly, dogs follow a scent trail.
But there’s another problem. Essentially, when a molecule of a volatile substance that flies into the nose is recognized, the brain receives a message. But there are just a ton of these volatile molecules, all different. There must be a crazy amount of traffic from these messages, and the brain would surely overload trying to sort it all out. There must be some sort of filter, similar to how selective hearing works. Just as the brain tunes out everything outside the necessary sound or scent for hearing and smelling. There are specific alarms for unpleasant or dangerous smells, and these are constantly filtered out. The brain must consciously tune to all other smells.
Plus, it needs to store information about previously received messages and the relative position of the body/head at that time to construct a density map of the smell, separately for each one tracked. Meanwhile, we cannot simultaneously track two types of sounds in selective hearing. We either recognize the quiet speech of someone in the kitchen with the television blaring in the same room, and someone else talking nearby, but we cannot do this simultaneously with recognizing speech from the television and someone else.
This explains why my mother’s somewhat blind dog doesn’t recognize us by smell when we enter the apartment, instead starting to bark. She needs to run up and see us with her eyes and then she rejoices at our arrival. Because she doesn’t know that she needs to filter our smell, and isn’t trained to understand individual smells in a chaos of odors. She is old, and probably doesn’t experiment with filtering different smells to associate them with specific people.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p7fXa2Occ_U