Read about the Crimean War. In a school textbook for 9th grade. Quotes from the 9th grade textbook edited by Arsentiev, 2016:
– “Nicholas I believed that he could quickly defeat the enemy, and that the Western countries would not intervene”
– “His calculations were mistaken. Austria did not wish for Russia to strengthen its positions in the Balkans. England encouraged Turkey to go to war, to weaken Russia’s positions in the East at any cost”
– “Russia found itself forced to wage war not only against Turkey but against all major powers of Europe”
– [A year after the war began,] “in 1854, England and France sided with Turkey against Russia.” Russia was issued an ultimatum to withdraw troops from the Danubian principalities. Not receiving a response, England and France declared war on Russia in March 1854. Nicholas I sought help from Austria and Prussia, but received no support. England and Prussia joined England and France.”
– “Russia found itself in complete isolation”
– “In September 1854 — the Siege of Sevastopol. It lasted 11 months.”
– “In 1855, Russian soldiers were forced to abandon their positions. The enemy occupied Kerch, Anapa, Kinburn.
(At this time, Nicholas I died. He caught a cold. And died.)
– “Russia could not alone overcome the powerful coalition: the technical equipment and armament of its army had many flaws.”
– “Participants signed the Paris Peace in March 1856: all regions and cities lost during the war were returned to Russia and Turkey.”
– “Russia and Turkey were deprived of the right to have a military fleet in the Black Sea.”
– “The most painful point of the Paris Peace for Russia was the prohibition to have a military fleet and fortifications on the Black Sea.”
– “The Crimean War not only demonstrated the severe backwardness of the Russian army compared to European armies, but also evidenced that changes were necessary in all aspects of Russian life.”
Hi, I'm Rauf Aliev. 