September 05 2020, 22:05

It turns out that Moderna received $2.5 billion in funding from the USA. $1 billion was given a while ago, and now $1.5 billion was allocated a couple of weeks ago. Approximately half of this amount will be granted upon successful development and market launch of 100 million COVID-19 vaccines (mRNA-1273). The article states that similar agreements (now without details on the amounts) exist with Johnson & Johnson, AstraZeneca Plc, Pfizer Inc, BioNTech SE, Sanofi SA, and GlaxoSmithKline Plc, to reach the necessary 500 million vaccines.

It was also found that RNA vaccines — specifically those being developed by Moderna — have not yet been released for human use by anyone. There are about 100 vector vaccines, like the one currently being produced by Gamaleya, (both released and in trial phases, according to clinicaltrials.gov). As for RNA vaccines approved for human use, there are none yet.

A good dashboard for vaccines:

An excellent (but now quite outdated) overview: https://meduza.io/feature/2020/05/08/ischerpyvayuschiy-nu-pochti-putevoditel-meduzy-po-vsemu-chto-uzhe-izvestno-o-vaktsinah-protiv-covid-19-kogda-gde-i-kakimi-oni-budut

https://finance.yahoo.com/news/u-inks-1-5-billion-020816629.html

September 04 2020, 01:11

It turns out we have secret farms here where chickens are raised to lay special eggs (fertilized) for breeding flu vaccines. Each year about 145 million such eggs are needed. The locations are classified because this is a matter of national security.

https://www.cnn.com/2020/03/27/health/chicken-egg-flu-vaccine-intl-hnk-scli/index.html

August 30 2020, 22:00

Surprised. It turns out it’s not disfunction, but dysfunction. And, it appears, to borne out means “proven,” because Borne is the past participle of bear, just like born, except born is used only in the sense of giving birth. I also encountered the word efficacy, which seems very similar to efficiency (doing things right, effectiveness), but in reality, it is closer to effectiveness (doing the right things, result-oriented or usefulness). In the context of medications, Efficacy shows whether a drug works under “ideal” conditions, Effectiveness shows the drug’s performance in conditions closer to real life, and Efficiency shows whether it is sensible to use the drug considering its cost, the number of potential consumers, expected treatment outcomes, and so forth.

https://forum.wordreference.com/threads/dysfunction-vs-disfunction.1450998/

August 28 2020, 22:40

Why is there such caution regarding Russia’s rush to release a vaccine into the market? I read about the example of the Dengue fever vaccine released in 2016 by Sanofi Pasteur – the only one whose vaccine, Dengvaxia, was recognized as effective at an early stage by regulatory bodies in 18 countries and approved for mass use. It was created by replacing two genes in the DNA of a weakened strain of the yellow fever virus with the corresponding genes of the dengue fever virus.

Thus, human trials over six years showed that it should only be administered to those who have already once had this viral disease. In people who have never had dengue, vaccination increases the risk of severe forms of the disease, and in children under 5 years old, the likelihood of severe forms increases seven-fold (with a mortality rate of about 50%) compared with those who did not receive the vaccine (https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2017/11/if-you-haven-t-had-dengue-infection-don-t-use-our-vaccine-drug-company-warns). However, the vaccine is still effective: people who have had dengue usually only develop long-term immunity against a specific type of the five existing types, but the vaccine provides protection against all variants of the dengue virus.

Another story from the fifties. Just by the way. Chemie Grünenthal released Thalidomide – a sedative. To help with sleep. And it was prescribed as an anti-emetic for morning sickness. In 1960 alone, 14.6 thousand tons of the drug were sold.

Thalidomide was described as a non-barbiturate sedative that could put the patient into a deep sleep without hangover and the risk of addiction development. This was a clear marketing advantage of the medicine over the first generation of sleeping pills. They disrupted the sleep structure and with repeated use led to an addiction development comparable to narcotics.

During testing on rodents, the median lethal dose of the drug could not be determined, so thalidomide was considered quite safe for humans. The creators of the drug did not test for harmful teratogenic effects — disruption of embryonic development. In simple terms, thalidomide was not tested on pregnant animals. There were reasons for this, but more on that below.

By various estimates, thalidomide caused severe anomalies in 8000—12000 children. About 40% of infants did not survive their first birthday. There were reports of an increased number of miscarriages during this period.”

Here are the details – https://tech.onliner.by/2019/05/11/talidomid

So, the protocols in pharmacology are “written in blood,” and ignoring them can theoretically lead to breakthroughs in science, but at the cost of human lives. During the war, Japanese and German medics discovered a lot (Google Unit 731 https://ru.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Отряд_731 and Siegfried Ruff, although it’s well compiled here: https://knife.media/mengele-731/)