Category: Space

Exploring Science and Myth through the Engineering Zen Group | August 03 2026, 15:37

I remind you that I have a group called Engineering Zen on Facebook and Telegram. Recently, there have been posts about:

– How for half a century science condescendingly explained to grandmothers that colds are caused by viruses, not drafts, — and in 2022, it found a mechanism by which grandmothers were partly right.

– People who are currently walking around with plutonium in their chests. Legally, registered with the nuclear regulator, with the instruction “to be returned to the state after death.” The capsule was seriously tested: cremation, plane crash, shotgun blast. It wasn’t radiation that killed the technology.

– Old sailors who poured oil overboard during storms. Not superstition, but working physics — and from it emerged, it seems, the first measurement of the size of a molecule in history. A teaspoon of oil, a pond under London, and Benjamin Franklin. Today, the same effect captures oil spills from satellites.

– Why almost all blue in the animal world is a deception: there’s no pigment at all. Neither in the wings of the morpho butterfly, nor in the feathers of a peacock, nor in your blue eyes. Mammals do not have any blue pigment. But it’s the opposite in plants.

– How the ocean floor is mapped… by looking at its surface from space. Underwater mountains betray themselves through “bumps” on the water — it turns out the sea is not flat at all. Only about a quarter of the sea floor has been measured with a sonar to this day.

– The MRI magnet, which is turned on only once in a lifetime — and then it circles current through a ring for years, without any socket. Even at night, when the clinic is closed. But if the cooling fails — a “quench” occurs, and tons of helium burst out through the pipe to the roof within seconds.

– The theorem by which a sphere can be cut into pieces and assembled into two identical spheres. Not a trick or sophistry — honest mathematics. The catch is that these “pieces” have no volume. At all. Like the coast of Britain has no length.

– Why in a language with three words for colors, the third is always red, and blue appears last. No need to know the language — just count. And why the go signal on Japanese traffic lights is legally “blue.”

– A rescue operation going on in space right now: a robot trying to catch a falling telescope, which has neither handles nor a docking unit — it was built in an era when no one thought of such things. Racing against the atmosphere.

– Lunar dust — the main nightmare of lunar bases. Microscopic sharp glass shards that eat away space suits within hours, stick to everything due to static, and — surprisingly — smell like gunpowder.

– A hypothesis that lasted 85 years and fell during the World Cup final — from a single line on Twitter. A counterexample is verified by a student in a minute, and it’s unclear why it wasn’t found earlier.

– The illusion of “stopped clocks,” which everyone has experienced: you shift your gaze to the second hand — and it has stopped. It turns out, the brain blinds you several times a second — and then edits time retrospectively.

– Ice that does not melt at +300°C — found trapped inside diamonds from the Earth’s mantle. And its even more strange black superheated relative seems to make up the interiors of Uranus and Neptune.

– Why the ads on the stadium boards, which you see on television, physically do not exist — viewers in Brazil, Germany, and Japan see three different sponsors at the same moment.

– A piece of wire mesh that tames fire where it is bound to explode — and on which the entire century of mining labor stood. The inventor gave it to the world for free.

– And for dessert — why a giant NASA rocket is transported not on asphalt, but on river pebbles. They tried asphalt — it went “in waves, like the sea.” Personally verified, I spent an hour looking at that gravel out the window.

Join us to not miss much more interesting stuff.

Engineering Zen

P.S. There is also a group in Telegram with the same name, but there the audience has stopped growing at all and stands at about 100 people, and until I figure out how to manage this, I am temporarily giving up on it.

Vodka and Revelations: Notes from “Project Hail Mary” Unseen in Film | May 25 2026, 04:15

I’m almost finished with Project Hail Mary. I’ll write separately about my impressions. Today – some notes along the way that somehow didn’t make it into the movie.

Russian engineer Olesya Ilyukhina drinks vodka from a frighteningly large glass at a meeting, and during the rocket launch, she joyfully screams and downs one shot after another. In her personal baggage for the space flight, 5 liters of vodka in bags are found. Grace directly asks the Russian scientist Dmitry: “Are all Russians crazy?”, to which he smiles and replies: “Yes. It’s the only way to be Russian and happy at the same time.” Ilyukhina, planning her own death, asks to be provided with heroin. She wants to die from an overdose to experience “maximum pleasure” before death (while the Chinese Yao pragmatically chooses a gun). During the launch of the ship’s modules (cabin, laboratory, and sleeping compartment), broadcasted from the Flight Control Center in Moscow, Russian cosmonaut Olesya Ilyukhina drinks vodka and yells at the TV: “Don’t screw up my home, bastards from Roscosmos!” But overall, Russian space technologies are occasionally even praised – for instance, it is claimed that experts from around the world have recognized the Russian “Orlan” spacesuit as the safest and most reliable, so it is used in the mission.

When the main character (Grace) sees the Black American scientist Martin Dubois, he turns to the project director Stratton: “Dubois turns out to be Black! Surprising that you allowed that! Aren’t you afraid he’ll ruin the mission with talk about rap music and basketball?”

When they decide to send Grace to space forcibly, they lock him in a special room at the Baikonur Cosmodrome. This room resembles a college dormitory but has a steel door and bars on the windows. The hero quips about this: “Why is there a prison cell at the Baikonur launch complex? I don’t know. Ask the Russians.”

Grace complains about how the work with malfunction reports is organized during the spaceship’s preparation. Instead of sending an email, they bring him stacks of paper documents. Grace: “Because Russians do things a certain way, and it’s easier to work with them than to complain about it.”

Out of scientific curiosity, Grace decides to observe how his alien friend Rocky eats. It turns out, Rocky is a “monostome”, meaning he both eats and excretes through the same opening in his body. Grace watches as a gray lump falls out of the alien’s stomach with a moist sound, after which Rocky tosses pieces of fresh meat into the same opening. Grace concludes: “The subject defecates from the mouth… Yep, that was pretty disgusting.”

The caricature nature of the characters, stereotypes, fantastic coincidences, and “plot contrivances” like deus ex machina are somewhat annoying.

Human Behavior Under Isolation: Lessons from the SPHINX Experiment | May 10 2026, 18:01

In the book Project Hail Mary, Stratt tells Grace that in the USSR there was supposedly an experiment where people were locked up for several months to see what would happen, and that the people almost killed each other, leading to the experiment being halted. That wasn’t the case, but I googled and found there was another experiment – SPHINX in 1999.

There were several groups. In the first, there were four Russians and during the New Year celebrations with alcohol, they beat each other up (10 minutes, blood, they had to be pulled apart). Another group had three guys and a girl (Judith Lapier) and the mission ended because during the New Year’s celebrations, driven by excitement, Judith was attempted to be kissed twice, leading to the mission being terminated.

As VICE reports, the dialogue was “We should try kissing, I haven’t smoked for six months. Then we can kiss after the mission and compare. Let’s experiment now.”

The team included doctors with degrees (Lukyanuk, Karashkin, Murashov) and Haider Hobikhozhin, who essentially was a randomly included technician with secondary education, taking the place of the Japanese man to the right in the photo and who was first in the second photo. Who beat up or kissed whom is now somewhat forgotten.

Vadim Gushchin, a coordinator from IMBP, after the scandal stated that the fight was “friendly,” and that Lapier “ruined the mission, the atmosphere, by refusing to be kissed.”

At the Canadian Space Agency, Lapier was told that such behavior is normal for Russians and that public complaints would be considered taboo in the culture of the host country.

Disappointed by Project Hail Mary: A Missed Opportunity for Smart Sci-Fi | May 04 2026, 16:40

We went to see Project Hail Mary yesterday. Honestly, neither Nada nor I liked it at all. Maybe we’ve just grown out of the age group that likes such movies. Comic book style. The alien, in my opinion, appeared on a budget. It feels like it’s at the level of the early 2000s – when you could have made exactly the same thing. Remember the movie Arrival, where they tried to come up with something unusual? Really, was this stone monstrosity worth 200M? The whole plot is full of cliches and banalities. In one minute, they made it so that the human and the alien began to understand each other perfectly via some program that a science teacher created in a day. As if the astronaut and a piece of rock just start chatting like buddies… 5 kilometers of iron chain the thickness of an index finger is about 10 tons of metal… did they have that much on the ship?

The directors became successful in the realm of Lego movies and Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs, along with a couple of comedy series and 21 Jump Street. I was expecting a movie in the spirit of Interstellar or The Martian, smart adult sci-fi that is not afraid of scientific details, and instead I got a children’s fairy tale with an ugly alien.

I googled it, and it turns out that a ton of people are thrilled with it and it’s making a lot of money.. Probably, people are nostalgic for such amidst post-irony, satires, various narratives, Lanthimos, and “Battle after Battle”. As children, everyone watched “Flight of the Navigator” and “Short Circuit”, so adults are nostalgizing over simple goodness. Perhaps it’s just a family movie for watching with the kids. Then it might be okay.

okay, going back to watching the second season of Succession. It’s considerably better.

Space Exploration: From Pioneering Days to the ISS as a Playground | April 06 2026, 19:59

essentially, a person in space is about these days and about the days 50 years ago. The International Space Station is already kindergarten: in terms of the Earth, it is only slightly higher than airplanes fly.

Precision in the Sky: Aerial Refueling of HH-60 Pave Hawks by a KC-130 Hercules | April 05 2026, 12:59

An interesting photo from Iran. An American Lockheed Martin KC-130 Hercules tanker and Sikorsky HH-60 Pave Hawk helicopters connected to it. If you think about it, it’s incredibly complex. Look, the plane has to fly at a super low speed for it – close to the stalling speed – while the helicopters, in contrast, must push to their limits to keep up. To avoid entering into a spin, the plane is forced to rapidly lose altitude, consequently, the helicopters must also purposely drop altitude. The helicopters are positioned lower than the plane, so if the pilot slows down even more (though how much more can he slow down?), and the helicopters don’t slow down, the hose could hit the rotor blades and that’s it. The helicopters also gain several tons during refueling, which adds to the complexity. Why refuel two at once? It’s more complicated. Actually, it’s both more complicated and simpler, because the load on the wings is distributed symmetrically, making it easier for the plane to maintain a stable course. It’s also interesting how the issue of static electricity is handled in the dry air.

A good addition from the comments (Sergey Snegirev):

1. It is noted that the Hercules stalls at 100-110 knots (depending on the air temperature and altitude, which is important in Iran), and the photo shows the flaps deployed, allowing it to stay up to even 90 knots. Meanwhile, the Pave Hawk can accelerate up to 190 knots (but obviously, nobody performs AAR at max speed), with a cruising speed of 150 knots, so there’s quite a sizable overlap. It’s assumed that AAR takes place around 120 knots on the video.

3. It is noted that AAR happens at exactly the same altitude, so there’s no need to lose altitude

4. It is noted that the tanker – like any other aircraft – can dissipate static electricity using an electrostatic discharger. The refueling hose has a contact that equalizes the potentials of the two aircraft before fuel delivery.

5. It is noted that the fuel used to refuel external aircraft is stored in tanks in the aircraft’s cargo section, separate from the tanker’s own fuel system. Even if the pumping were from the tanker’s own fuel tanks, it would come from the central tank, which is set up to transfer fuel from the side tanks.

It is noted that on the underside of the plane’s wings, several metal “antennas” are installed on the flaperons to discharge static electricity into the air. It is noted that when the hose is connected, a wire passes through and the potentials on the bodies are equalized.

When the Night Lit Up: Unraveling the Mystery of a Superbolt Storm | March 21 2026, 12:55

We had a thunderstorm last night. The whole county is buzzing because everyone thinks that something exploded just before midnight. Several posts in a row on social media. In short, it was thunder. But a bit more rare than usual. Caused by a 401 kA lightning, dubbed the Wild House Shaker. A typical lightning strike is 30 kA. If the numbers are to be believed, 401 kA is really damn a lot. They will likely say we haven’t had such lightning here for decades.

Attaching an interesting map.

The points on the map show superbolts — lightning strikes with an energy of no less than 1M J. Red points — particularly powerful superbolts with an energy of more than 2M J. That is, superbolts mostly occur in the northeastern part of the Atlantic and in the Mediterranean Sea, and less frequently — in the Andes, off the coast of Japan, and near South Africa.

this is what the page from which I took the map says (translation):

“New work shows that superbolts most often occur over the Mediterranean Sea, the northeastern Atlantic, and over the Andes, as well as in smaller amounts to the east of Japan, in tropical oceans, and near the southern tip of Africa. Unlike regular lightning, superbolts often strike over water.

“Ninety percent of lightning occurs over land,” said Holzworth (that’s the main guy on lightning at the University of Washington).

“But superbolts mostly arise over water, right up to the coastline. For example, in the northeastern Atlantic, the distribution maps of superbolts clearly show the outlines of the coasts of Spain and England.”

“The average energy of a discharge over water is higher than over land—that we knew,” he said. “But we did not expect such a stark difference.”

The season for superbolts also does not match the usual patterns of lightning. Regular lightning most often occurs in the summer—the three main so-called “lightning chimneys” coincide with summer thunderstorms over America, Africa south of the Sahara, and Southeast Asia. However, superbolts, which are more common in the Northern Hemisphere, occur in both hemispheres from November to February.

The reason for such a distribution remains a mystery. In some years, there are significantly more superbolts than in others: the end of 2013 was record-breaking, and the end of 2014 was the second largest, while in other years such events were much less frequent.

“We speculate that this may be related to sunspots or cosmic rays, but we will leave that for future research,” said Holzworth.

“For now, we are just demonstrating that there is a previously unknown pattern.”