Category: History

Redefining Third World: Beyond Cold War Labels | March 07 2026, 03:36

Today I read that the Third World countries were initially countries not part of NATO (First World) or the socialist bloc (Second World), that is, countries such as Sweden, Switzerland, Finland, Ireland, and Austria. Some still use the term “developing countries,” where it is customary to include low-income countries, but, darn it, a developing country is actually a good definition. The one that has developed and stopped developing – that’s a signal. Incidentally, Qatar, which has the highest GDP per capita in the world, is formally considered developing.

CIS Headquarters’ Outdated Member List: A Curious Oversight | March 07 2026, 03:22

It’s funny, at the CIS headquarters in Minsk 1) they still think that the CIS is alive (joke) 2) they still think that Ukraine is still there (never was part of the CIS, but officially left the CIS governing bodies in 2018). By the way, Moldova started the withdrawal process this year.

The Lost Version of Repin’s “Unexpected”: A Revolutionary Woman’s Tale | March 01 2026, 23:59

It turns out that in the first version of the painting “Unexpected” the main character was a woman, a Narodovoltsy revolutionary! This was a smaller version, later Repin painted a larger one with a man – the one everyone knows.

And the first version is kept in the Tretyakov Gallery but it is not displayed.

Well, as everyone knows. In general, Russian and Ukrainian artists are hardly known outside their countries. There seems to be one painting by Repin in the Metropolitan Museum of NY and a few in the Orsay, but that’s almost nothing, and I wouldn’t be surprised if they are all in storage.

Here people know Rublev, the Russian avant-garde (Malevich, Kandinsky, Chagall), but nobody (except professionals) knows Shishkin, Levitan, Vasnetsov, Surikov, Savrasov. Despite the fact that many of them studied in Europe and worked from there. Remember Ivanov and his “The Appearance of Christ Before the People”.

Now I’m googling why. They write that the French considered Russian art of that era something akin to journalism in oil. Like, using the canvas as a platform to preach morals, tell stories, expose social injustices. Social drama, suffering peasants, harsh winter landscapes, and execution scenes – all this seemed frightening to Americans. Kind of like Dostoevsky in oil. How can you hang that above a fireplace?

Exploring the Mystical Connection Between π² and g in Defining a Meter | March 01 2026, 17:11

It turns out that π² ≈ g is not some mystical coincidence. When the first scientists contemplated the definition of the meter, there was one elegant proposal: to make the meter equal to the length of a pendulum that takes exactly one second to swing from one side to the other.

For a mathematical pendulum, the period of oscillation is calculated by the formula: T = 2π √(L / g). If we take the length L = 1 meter and set the full period T = 2 seconds (so that it takes exactly one second for each half swing), the equation implies: g = π² (m/s²).

The definition of the meter was later changed: it was tied to one ten-millionth of the distance from the equator to the North Pole along the meridian passing through Paris. However, this geodetic definition was inspired by the earlier idea with the pendulum. Notably, both approaches match up with an accuracy of 1%. Essentially, since the old “pendulum” definition was the main candidate for a long time, values were adjusted so that the new meter was convenient and close to the measurements customary at that time.

It is also interesting that the number of seconds in a year roughly corresponds to the number of pi * 10^7. Earth’s orbital speed is about v = 30 km/s. The distance from the Sun to Earth is approximately r = 150,000,000 km. Thus, over a year, Earth travels a path of about d = 2 * π * r. Then, the orbital period equals T = d/v = π * 2 * r/v = π * 10⁷ seconds.

The Lasting Legacy of Heaven’s Gate: A Cult’s Continuing Online Presence | February 28 2026, 04:09

Remember the American cult that had 39 members simultaneously self-extinguish in a mansion near San Diego, believing that they would be picked up by aliens? Well, their website is still up and running. The earliest version of this site from 1999 is virtually indistinguishable from what’s on the site now. The only difference is the ® symbol, which was after the name of the cult in 1999, but not now.

I Googled what’s up with their trademark registration. Just recently, in 2020, the company “The Evolutionary Level Above Human Foundation” registered (or renewed) rights to this trademark. The category is indeed listed as Lace, Ribbons, Embroidery, Fancy Goods, but the name of the company leaves no doubt that they are thinking about aliens.

I Googled some more. Turns out, this foundation, The Evolutionary Level Above Human (TELAH), acts as the “guardian of the legacy of the group ‘Heaven’s Gate'”, and has sued Stephen Havel and other defendants for copyright and trademark infringements, accusing them of illegally distributing archival materials and selling themed merchandise. The last update shows the parties are obligated to hold a meeting by the end of March 2024 to try to negotiate confidentiality and authentication of evidence without further judicial intervention.

Specifically, the foundation consists of real people from Arizona, Mark and Sara King, and the organization is registered as a corporation. They respond to emails and send out books and cassettes if you transfer them money.

Other former members are trying to challenge their “right” to use cult materials, such as recordings on tapes in court.

In short, some kind of life goes on there.

That is, the next time you think of Flat Earthers as “some pranksters pretending to be weirdos”, remember these folks, maintaining their website and selling books by their “prophets”.

The Sole Excommunication of the 21st Century: The Case of Monk Nikolai Romanov | February 21 2026, 00:10

I wanted to find out who was excommunicated in the 21st century, and it turned out that there was only one person. That was Nikolai Romanov (schema-monk Sergius). He was the founder, builder, and spiritual father of the Sredneuralsk Women’s Monastery.

Do you know why? He asked the nuns and parishioners, “are you ready to die for Russia?” The investigation saw this as incitement to suicide. He also called the COVID-19 pandemic “non-existent,” cursed those who closed churches for quarantine, opposed vaccination and the “digital camp,” and called for civil disobedience to church and secular authorities.

In November 2021, he was sentenced to 3.5 years in a colony. Later, in 2023, his sentence was increased to 7 years on a second charge (of inciting hatred). In April 2021, court bailiffs completely evicted all residents of the monastery (nuns and laypeople) due to violations of fire safety requirements and urban planning regulations.

The Russian Orthodox Church could not say “he was not with us by that time,” so they simply excommunicated him.

From Camels to Bishops: The Fascinating Evolution of Chess Pieces | February 14 2026, 16:24

It all started with a question – why does the elephant ♗ have this notch? And in general, where is the elephant, and where is the bishop, and is this notch about the elephant or the bishop? Anyway, listen to what I dug up, there’s a lot of interesting stuff here.

Chess originates from India. There, this figure was initially called a camel. And their elephant was what we call a rook – which if you think about it, a rook is basically a boat – or in English, rook, which if you think about it in Persian, it means chariot.

The name “Tura”, which we often hear in colloquial speech, is a pure import from Europe. In French – tour. In Italian – torre. In Latin – turris. All of these mean the same thing: tower. When chess arrived in Europe, knights and monks didn’t really understand what a “battle chariot” was (they were out of fashion by then), but they knew very well what a siege tower was.

So, returning to the elephant and the notch.

The short answer – to distinguish it from a pawn. But there’s a long answer.

When chess came to Europe, the Indian camel was switched to the Catholic bishop, and thus the piece was named bishop. The notch supposedly symbolizes a miter – the high headgear of clergymen. That’s precisely why in English the piece is called bishop. Though to me, it’s just a mouth from the Muppet show.

Interestingly, in French, it’s le fou – the jester. In German, it’s Läufer – runner. In Greek – officer (Αξιωματικός). Why officer? I don’t know, but I dug up that in Chinese chess, xiangqi (象棋), the “elephant” piece is indicated and pronounced as xiàng (象). This character indeed means “elephant.” However, in Chinese history, there was a high state office called xiàng (相), usually translated as “chancellor,” “prime minister,” or “chief minister.” This is a different character, although the pronunciation coincides. Probably, the officer comes from here too.

The chess knight is almost a horse in all languages, only in English and a few others, it’s a knight (although, in German, for example, it’s Springer – jumper, and in Sicily – donkey).

So, in German, there is a jumper and a runner. And a little horse in German is actually a king.

I also learned that there are ready-made solutions for ANY chess endgame in which there are seven or fewer pieces on the board, regardless of the position, the composition of the remaining pieces, or possible moves. This information, known as endgame tables, currently occupies 18.4 terabytes.

from the comments: “The most interesting thing is that this week a multi-year work was completed, and there is now a ready solution for any position with 8 pieces or fewer (7 pieces was already about 12 years ago, but there’s a very big difference)”

Decoding Naval Terms: From “Eskadrenny Minonosets” to “Destroyer” | January 28 2026, 21:57

It turns out that a destroyer is an abbreviation of “squadron mine carrier” and that in English these ships are called destroyers.

Unveiling Scientific Misnomers: A Cross-Cultural Exploration | January 14 2026, 04:46

Today I was surprised to learn that the Coriolis force is pronounced as CoriolIs force, not coriOlis force as we were taught in school. I started to investigate what else was wrong, and discovered something amazing.

It turns out what we called Gay-Lussac’s law is known as Charles’s Law in the rest of the world, and what we called Charles’s Law is known throughout the world as Gay-Lussac’s Law.

The Cartesian coordinate system here is Carthesian. Cartesius is just the Latinized name of René Descartes.

In our textbooks, the law of conservation of mass is called the Lomonosov-Lavoisier Law (what enters the chemical reaction = mass of the substances formed). In the rest of the world, it is exclusively the Law of Lavoisier (Lavoisier’s Law). Lomonosov got included here only because “whatever is taken from one body is added to another”.

Also, it turns out that if you have to explain Pythagoras’ theorem to someone in English, without a hint, it’s absolutely impossible to guess that it’s Pythagoras. Greek names are generally a mess. Thales here is pronounced as Teelis.

For some reason, in physics Roentgen is called RentgEnom, although it’s Röntgen with the emphasis on ö.

In Russia, a trapezoid is a quadrilateral with two sides parallel and two not. In the USA, our trapezoid is known as Trapezoid, and the word Trapezium here refers to a quadrilateral with no parallel sides at all. In the UK, it’s the opposite. Our trapezoid is Trapezium, and the “skewed” quadrilateral is Trapezoid.